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Reflecting on ACT Research Successes in 2022
ACT
December 15, 2022
Category:
COVID-19 |
Equity |
Research |
Social and Emotional Learning |
This year, ACT released a variety of significant research, courtesy of the strong subject matter expertise from our Research team. This expe...
der in the field.
Students Get Necessary Answers for Navigating College and Career Journeys
ACT
November 03, 2022
Category:
ACT Center for Equity in Learning |
ACT Test |
Educator Resources |
High school students and their families are eager for more support and information about the college application process, including how to s...
- Families need more support and information to help their students with college applications.
Many adult attendees at the session “Making Sense of Recent Changes to Admission Policies and Practices” expressed that the application process has changed drastically since their days of applying to college. Families want and need more support to understand their college options and the steps to complete an application. They can start with ACT’s College Planning Guide and checklist. Students can also download the Encourage app to take control of their college planning and get application help, college guidance, and admission support. - Students want their education journey to connect more directly with their future major and career.
Students at a session describing critical milestones for college planning success said they want to understand how their classes and interests can shape their future college major, as our world continues to evolve and change. The age-old challenge of choosing majors remains, but with resources like ACT's Interest Inventory, students can better understand how their interests can inform their college degree options. - Students want to know how to stand out in the college application crowd.
With everyone submitting similar materials for college applications, students told Verity that they want to know how they can differentiate themselves from the applicant pool. An ACT score remains a strong predictor of first-year performance in college and can be a great way to demonstrate college readiness and earn scholarships.
The Pandemic’s Effect on ACT: Sharpening Commitments to Higher Ed
ACT
October 25, 2022
Category:
ACT Updates |
COVID-19 |
By: Kenton Pauls, senior director for Higher Education Strategy and Engagement When historians author their account of the “pandemic years,”...
- helping institutions get test optional right, offering our full support and assistance to institutions who are test optional;
- empowering success at the top of the enrollment funnel, and supporting institutional efforts to reach, connect with and support students early in the recruitment cycle;
- expanding test use beyond admission and in support of student success and completion;
- providing safe testing opportunities for students who want to take the ACT, and to seamless delivery of our data to institutions;
- maximizing our research capacity to support new and emerging needs in academe; and
- developing a more cohesive higher ed ACT presence that improves ACT engagement with higher education partners.
Through hard work and strong relationships, we can ensure our commitment matches the challenge. It’s a new day at ACT.

Average ACT Score For the High School Class of 2022 Declines to Lowest Level in More Than 30 Years
ACT
October 12, 2022
Category:
ACT Test |
Press Release |
Research |
More than 40 percent of seniors meet none of the college-readiness benchmarks as decline in college readiness continues among U.S. high scho...
IOWA CITY, Iowa—The national average ACT Composite score for the high school class of 2022 was 19.8, the lowest average score in more than three decades, according to data released today by ACT, the nonprofit organization that administers the college readiness exam. It is the first time since 1991 that the average ACT Composite score was below 20.0.
“This is the fifth consecutive year of declines in average scores, a worrisome trend that began long before the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, and has persisted,” said ACT CEO Janet Godwin. “The magnitude of the declines this year is particularly alarming, as we see rapidly growing numbers of seniors leaving high school without meeting the college-readiness benchmark in any of the subjects we measure. These declines are not simply a byproduct of the pandemic. They are further evidence of longtime systemic failures that were exacerbated by the pandemic. A return to the pre-pandemic status quo would be insufficient and a disservice to students and educators. These systemic failures require sustained collective action and support for the academic recovery of high school students as an urgent national priority and imperative.”
Consistent with recent data on nine-year-old student achievement reported by the National Center for Education Statistics, ACT has found that scores have continued to decline during the pandemic, and that these declines have returned student achievement to levels last observed in the early 1990s. Understanding disrupted learning through assessment data plays a more critical role than ever to policymakers, school systems, state leaders, educators, and parents in supporting students who were affected by school-related closures and learning disruptions during the pandemic.
The proportion of seniors meeting none of the ACT College Readiness Benchmarks also continued to rise. The ACT College Readiness Benchmarks demonstrate the minimum ACT scores required for students to have a higher probability of success in credit-bearing first-year college courses. ACT research continues to show that students meeting a benchmark on the ACT have approximately a 50% chance of earning a B or better and approximately a 75% chance of earning a C or better in the corresponding college course or courses.
Among the 2022 graduating class, 22% of students met all four ACT Benchmarks, while 42% of students met none of these benchmarks. The percentage of students meeting all four benchmarks dropped three percentage points, from 25% of students in 2021 to 22% of students in 2022, whereas the percentage of students meeting no benchmarks increased by four percentage points, from 38% of students in 2021 to 42% of students in 2022.
Other findings:
- The average Composite score declined by 0.5 points, from 20.3 in 2021 to 19.8 in 2022. It is the first time that the average Composite score has been below 20.0 since at least as far back as 1991.
- Between 2021 and 2022, average English scores declined 0.6 points (from 19.6 to 19.0), average mathematics scores declined 0.6 points (from 19.9 to 19.3), average reading scores declined 0.5 points (from 20.9 to 20.4), and average science scores declined by 0.5 points (from 20.4 to 19.9).
- Slightly less than one-third of ACT-tested graduates in the class of 2022 (32%) met at least three out of four ACT College Readiness Benchmarks. More than 40% of ACT-tested graduates in the class of 2022 (42%) met none of the benchmarks.
- Participation in the ACT State and District Testing program continued to grow in the 2021-2022 academic school year. This is a trend that has been increasing since 2015, when only 27 percent of ACT-tested graduates took the test as part of a statewide or districtwide administration. For the 2022 graduating class, 60 percent of students tested at least once through the program. The ACT State and District Testing program provides students the opportunity to earn college-reportable ACT scores by taking the test in their own classrooms during regular school hours on a weekday. School day testing availability expands access to education opportunity for all students, but especially for students from low-income families, those who would be the first in their families to go to college, and students in rural areas.
- For the class of 2021, the college enrollment rate was 57 percent, down from 59 percent for the previous class.
About the Data
The data released include ACT score results from all 50 states and the District of Columbia, including 16 states that required all students to take the ACT as part of their statewide testing programs, and another seven states that funded ACT testing on an optional basis.
View the data via the online dashboard.
###
About ACT
ACT is a mission-driven, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping people achieve education and workplace success. Grounded in more than 60 years of research, ACT is a trusted leader in college and career readiness solutions. Each year, ACT serves millions of students, job seekers, schools, government agencies, and employers in the U.S. and around the world with learning resources, assessments, research, and credentials designed to help them succeed from elementary school through career. Visit us at www.act.org.
Contact: ACT Media Relations; publicrelations@act.org
The E.F. Lindquist Award Honoring 50 Years of Excellence in Education Research
ACT
October 05, 2022
By: Dianne Henderson, vice president of Research at ACT In 1972, ACT and the American Educational Research Association (AERA) created the E...
By: Dianne Henderson, vice president of Research at ACT
In 1972, ACT and the American Educational Research Association (AERA) created the E.F. Lindquist Award to honor outstanding applied or theoretical researchers and practitioners in testing and measurement. The award is named after Dr. Lindquist, the legendary scholar, scientist, professor, and practitioner who co-founded ACT in 1959. Lindquist believed in the importance of instruction and teaching for accurate measurement of the results and the Lindquist scholarship recipients continue to validate and expand on his findings.
“Awards shine a light on the work being done to solve the largest challenges facing our field and our country,” said Janet Godwin, ACT CEO. “To be able to simultaneously recognize the legacy of Dr. Lindquist and the contributions of today’s pioneering leaders in assessment and testing research is a true privilege.”
Lindquist’s effect on education research has helped develop a new generation of research scholars who are making a difference in discovering learning capabilities, best practices, and improved assessments.
“Lindquist was prescient on a number of the most important research questions in education,” Dr. Dan Koretz, the 2022 Lindquist Award recipient, said. Lindquist focused his acclaimed assessments on achievement. Rather than having their fates sealed by inscrutable and immutable “aptitude,” Lindquist believed all students with access to rigorous curricula, strong instruction, and robust support systems could succeed if they applied their full talent to the task.
He also believed that assessment – or to be more precise, assessment’s role in encouraging students to master the material and practice the skills their tests were likely to cover – was essential to learning, a view that holds currency today.
“When the teacher says, ‘It’s going to be on the test,’ that influences student behavior before the test is ever given,” said Edward Haertel, a past Lindquist Award recipient. “That’s the way it’s supposed to work.”
When in balance, this scholastic symbiosis seems like a force for good. However, when the testing tail starts wagging the teaching dog, trouble can ensue.
“What’s happened is exactly what Lindquist said would happen if people become familiar with the sample used to build the test,” said Koretz. “Under low-stakes conditions they don’t have a lot of reason to worry about the sample. But when their jobs are on the line, they do, and they focus on the sample rather than the domain.”
Other scholarship recipients also observed that, as more research on education practices is conducted, education leaders and policymakers can help improve the inequities and gaps in learning in the education system. “Our goal is to help teachers use the technology to help students learn in a more effective way,” explained Hua-Hua Chang. And Eva Baker said that, “We’re now looking more at the integration of social and emotional skills…[the] whole part of what it means to be a person.”
Lindquist noted that the need for evaluation and the need for direction of instruction through objective measurement is certainly not going to diminish and that the field of measurement presents enormous opportunities. As the scholarship program celebrates its 50th year of excellence, the goal is to continue the mission of shining a spotlight on researchers in education making a difference with plans to continue to diversify the scholarship program to honor Lindquist’s legacy.
“The 2022 E.F. Lindquist Award, for example, didn’t just mark a milestone in the career of Daniel M. Koretz,” said Godwin. “It also presented an opportunity to learn from Dr. Koretz’s transformative findings on score inflation, the assessment of students with disabilities, and other compelling issues in education assessment.”
“I think the group has been defined by talented, reflective, and accomplished individuals who seek to shift paradigms,” said Felice J. Levine, executive director of AERA. “Award winners are emblematic of where the field is, and where the field needs to be going.”
Learn more about Lindquist’s legacy and the 50th anniversary of this award by exploring ACT’s new brief here. And nominate the next awardee on AERA’s website here.
ACT Reenters Egyptian Market Following Accreditation by Ministry of Education
ACT
October 04, 2022
All Egyptian universities will accept ACT scores for admissions IOWA CITY, Iowa—For the next five years, Egypt’s students will be able to s...
All Egyptian universities will accept ACT scores for admissions
IOWA CITY, Iowa—For the next five years, Egypt’s students will be able to submit ACT scores as they apply to college following accreditation by the Minister of Education. The accreditation means that the ACT will be administered and used in Egypt as equivalent to the Egyptian National Exam.
“We are delighted with the relationship we’ve been able to build with the Ministry of Education, and look forward to continuing to work together to serve the students of Egypt,” said Andy Taylor, ACT vice president of Market Segments and Product Management. “There is extraordinary—and growing—demand for the ACT in Egypt, and our collaboration with the Minister demonstrates ACT’s commitment to serving international markets and helping them prepare students for success.”
Students in the region will have more choice and greater flexibility in testing and more opportunities to demonstrate their college readiness. Universities in Egypt now accept scores on the ACT test and the ACT International Subject Tests for admission, and international high schools in Egypt administer the ACT test and the ACT International Subject Tests to students for graduation purposes.
By selecting ACT, students can sit for all the exams they need from one provider, and be confident in the validity of their scores. Students who may wish to study at a U.S. university and would need the score for admissions, merit scholarships, and course placement can also take the ACT in Egypt and submit their scores to colleges and universities abroad.
More than 50,000 students in Egypt have taken the ACT since 2020.
###
About ACT
ACT is a mission-driven, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping people achieve education and workplace success. Grounded in more than 60 years of research, ACT is a trusted leader in college and career readiness solutions. Each year, ACT serves millions of students, job seekers, schools, government agencies, and employers in the U.S. and around the world with learning resources, assessments, research, and credentials designed to help them succeed from elementary school through career. Visit us at www.act.org.
Contact: ACT Media Relations; publicrelations@act.org
ACT Selects Higher Education Leaders as New Board Members
ACT
September 27, 2022
Category:
ACT Updates |
Press Release |
Renowned experts bring decades of experience in policy, advocacy and in leading social change to improve equity and opportunity for all stud...
IOWA CITY, Iowa—September 27— Today ACT, the nonprofit learning organization and provider of college and career readiness assessments, announced the appointment of three new board members who bring a wealth of knowledge and experience leading efforts to make education and training after high school more equitable, accessible, and successful for all students.
“The entire team at ACT is excited to welcome prominent leaders to our board who’ve been influential and meaningful leaders in the field,” said ACT CEO Janet Godwin. “They each have dedicated their careers to actively pursuing the kinds of policies, practices, and mindsets that create more equitable opportunities for all students. Their work aligns with ACT’s mission to help all people achieve education and workplace success, and we are honored that they will advise us as we continue our efforts to support learners and their champions.”
The new board members will serve a three-year term. They are:
Shirley M. Collado, president and CEO of College Track and president emerita of Ithaca College, is nationally known for designing and implementing innovative approaches that expand student access and success. Dr. Collado has previously served as president of Ithaca College, executive vice chancellor and chief operating officer at Rutgers University-Newark, dean of the college and vice president of student affairs at Middlebury, and executive vice president of The Posse Foundation, where she scaled its operations nationally. A first-generation college graduate, Dr. Collado is the first Dominican-American in the U.S. to serve as president of a four-year institution.
Jamie Merisotis is the president and CEO of Lumina Foundation, the nation’s largest private foundation committed solely to enrolling and graduating more adult students of color from college. Before joining Lumina in 2008, Merisotis was the founding president of the Institute for Higher Education Policy, an independent, nonpartisan organization regarded as one of the world’s premier education research and policy centers. Merisotis also served as executive director of the National Commission on Responsibilities for Financing Postsecondary Education, a bipartisan commission appointed by the U.S. president and congressional leaders. Jamie is also the author of two recent books: Human Work in the Age of Smart Machines and America Needs Talent.
Richard M. Rhodes is the chancellor of Austin Community College, where he has worked to improve pathways into higher education, strengthen awareness of the community college mission, and give students the tools to accomplish their educational, professional, and personal goals. He previously served as president of El Paso Community College. His professional associations include past chair of the American Association of Community Colleges; board member of the Texas Workforce Investment Council; and past chair of the Texas Association of Community Colleges.
###
About ACT
ACT is a mission-driven, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping people achieve education and workplace success. Grounded in more than 60 years of research, ACT is a trusted leader in college and career readiness solutions. Each year, ACT serves millions of students, job seekers, schools, government agencies, and employers in the U.S. and around the world with learning resources, assessments, research, and credentials designed to help them succeed from elementary school through career. Visit us at https://www.act.org/.
Media Contact
publicrelations@act.org

Celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month with Spanish-language Resources for Students and Families
ACT
September 20, 2022
Category:
ACT Center for Equity in Learning |
Equity |
By: Dr. Nancy Lewin, senior director, ACT’s Center for Equity in Learning As we mark Hispanic Heritage Month, it’s important to understand...
Information is vital for helping students make the best of their high school years, and to help students and their families find and understand information on topics like paying for college, the benefits of dual enrollment classes, and an overview of actions to take with a check list and the specifics on what do during each of the four years of high school. Providing information in multiple formats, including videos, is a practical way of sharing sound information that will help Spanish-speaking students and their families make solid decisions during the path to college and career. Moreover, having students access this information in Spanish can help them and their families more effectively access information they otherwise have not been able to use. Each video is less than five minutes in length and provides practical tips and information that can make planning for college less overwhelming.
These short videos get to the crux of what students and their families should think about and decide throughout the four years of high school, especially for students entering who may not know what to focus on for each year of school. Providing this information early on provides both the information and focus that empowers students to better make decisions and choices that will affect their readiness and their future upward mobility potential.
As we mark Hispanic Heritage Month, let’s celebrate the Latinx community and the many assets they bring to our country. Providing content to our Spanish-speaking community is one way ACT can demonstrate our commitment to helping them achieve education success. These resources (and ones we will continue to develop) help support our students and families keep the pathways of information, access, and support moving forward. We celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month and look forward to collaborating with the Latinx community and those stakeholders who serve them this month, next month, and every month, all year long.
ACT Launches 2022 #WhyApply Campaign to Help Students Overcome College Application Hurdles
ACT
September 20, 2022
Category:
ACT Center for Equity in Learning |
Press Release |
Half a million students expected to participate in American College Application Campaign that expands access to college degrees IOWA CITY, I...
IOWA CITY, Iowa (September 16, 2022) — Today, ACT’s American College Application Campaign (ACAC) launched its annual #WhyApply campaign, which celebrates college application season and students who are beginning their college journeys by applying to college.
“#WhyApply is a signal to the Class of 2023 that they have a support network when applying to college,” said Lisa King, director of the ACAC, which runs #WhyApply. “We know the reasons that can stop a student from applying to college all too well: systemic barriers creating inequality in college access; doubts about whether a degree is worth the cost; fears about the application process; confusion about how to apply; or concerns they can’t afford a college application fee or the cost of college. #WhyApply gives students living proof that they are surrounded by adults who have dealt with the same issues and who are in their corner to help them succeed.”
The #WhyApply effort is sponsored by the American College Application Campaign, a major initiative of ACT’s Center for Equity in Learning, and works alongside thousands of high schools across the country each fall to host events supporting students through the college application process.
“The college application process can be confusing and daunting for students, and ACT will continue trying to reach each high school senior to help them with submitting at least one college application,” said ACT CEO Janet Godwin. “#WhyApply is an annual call to action for all of us to work harder to increase the number of first-generation college students and students from low-income families pursuing a college degree or other higher education credential.”
This year, 6,000 high schools are expected to host application completion events reaching nearly 500,000 students between September and December as part of the campaign, which will increase the number of first-generation college students and students from low-income families pursuing a college degree or other higher education credential.
“Showing students that others have already applied and completed college and that this does not need to be scary can go a long way toward removing barriers for many students,” said Erica Hampton, a school counselor at Liberty High School in West Virginia, at an event marking the launch of this year’s campaign. “And we all can help and play a role in removing barriers by creating an atmosphere where students feel comfortable being themselves; where they can ask questions and not feel like this is something they should already know.”
By removing the barriers that often prevent some students from applying to college, ACAC aims to ensure that all high school seniors complete at least one college application. Since the national campaign’s inception in 2005, nearly 4 million students have applied to college.
On #WhyApply Day:
- educators, community leaders, and supporters will use their social media accounts to answer the question “What did you learn in college?” with the hashtag #WhyApply. They’ll post videos and pictures depicting their reasons or write their answers with the #WhyApply template and post a picture;
- students, educators and others will wear their college gear (t-shirt, hats, pins, etc.) and hold pep rallies or decorate the school to celebrate the college application process; and
- supporters will prepare for additional college preparation activities, support sessions, and application completion events throughout the fall in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
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About the American College Application Campaign
The American College Application Campaign® (ACAC) is a national initiative designed to increase the number of first-generation college students and students from low-income families who pursue a postsecondary degree. The purpose is to assist high school seniors as they navigate the college application and admissions process and ensure each participating student submits at least one admissions application. https://equityinlearning.act.org/acac/
About ACT
ACT is a mission-driven, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping people achieve education and workplace success. Grounded in more than 60 years of research, ACT is a trusted leader in college and career readiness solutions. Each year, ACT serves millions of students, job seekers, schools, government agencies and employers in the US and around the world with learning resources, assessments, research, and credentials designed to help them succeed from elementary school through career. Visit us at www.act.org.
Contact: ACT Media Relations; publicrelations@act.org
Gen Z Optimistic About Their Futures, New ACT Research Shows
ACT
September 08, 2022
Category:
ACT Test |
Press Release |
Research |
Black students most optimistic about most life outcomes, including having a better life than their parents; family income found to be relat...
IOWA CITY, Iowa — Current high school students are optimistic about their chances of experiencing 17 future life outcomes, including having a well-paying career, owning a home, and having good health, according to a new report from ACT, the nonprofit organization that administers the ACT college readiness exam. The report also suggests that students believe they have many positive things to look forward to despite the challenges and stress of the pandemic.
“The study shows that members of Generation Z are, on average, optimistic about their own futures, convinced that they will have financial stability, happy families, and positive social connections,” said ACT CEO Janet Godwin. “Today’s high school students are hopeful of achieving the kinds of outcomes that define a successful life.”
High school students were generally optimistic about the future, with an average rating of 4.01 on a 1-5 scale, aligned with the scale’s “high” chances category, and more than 80 percent of students reporting high levels of optimism that their lives would turn out well overall.
The study, High School Students’ Perspectives on Their Futures, examined students’ perspectives on their futures and how students’ backgrounds, such as family income and race/ethnicity, affected their outlooks. A random sample of students was surveyed in February 2022 and asked about their chances of experiencing future outcomes, such as having an enjoyable career, being able to own a home, and being in good health. Students were also asked if their chances of experiencing these outcomes would have been different (more positive or less positive) if they had been asked about them two years ago, before the pandemic began.
“We found that the pandemic had little effect on optimism for most students. It did not affect most students’ outlooks on important events, like having a fulfilling career and being able to save, invest, and retire, and this was consistent across racial and ethnic groups and family income category,” said ACT lead research scientist Jeff Schiel, who conducted the study. “However, 19% of students reported that their outlooks would have been somewhat more positive before the pandemic began, and 9% percent reported that their outlooks would have been a lot more positive, suggesting that for nearly one-third of students, the pandemic might have had a negative influence.”
The study found racial/ethnic differences in student optimism. Black students had higher estimated chances of experiencing 15 of the 17 future outcomes, on average, than did students in other racial/ethnic groups. And irrespective of family income category, Black students reported the highest estimates, on average, of the chances of having a better life than their parents had or of their children having a better life than they have had. In comparison, white students reported the lowest estimates, on average, of experiencing these outcomes. For all future outcomes, Black students in the low-income category had higher average estimates of the chances of each outcome happening than did students of other races/ethnicities in that same income category. Asian students across all family income categories reported noticeably lower estimated chances of having careers that they enjoy and happy family lives, on average, than did students of other races/ethnicities.
Student optimism was found to vary based on family income, a measure of socioeconomic status. For example, students with low reported family income indicated that they only had about a 50-50 chance of having adequate financial resources to complete college, on average, while students with high reported family income indicated that their average chances were high. The study found that family income is related to student optimism, irrespective of race/ethnicity, and that family income was a statistically significant, although not particularly strong, predictor of students’ estimated chances for 13 of the 17 future outcomes. Family income was not a statistically significant predictor for having steady employment throughout your career, having a happy family life, having hobbies you enjoy, and life turning out well overall.
Key findings:
- High school students in this study were generally optimistic about the future. Means for the 17 future outcomes ranged from 3.68 (chances of having adequate financial resources to complete college) to 4.32 (chances of having enjoyable hobbies) on a five-point scale. The typical mean across all outcomes was 4.01, which aligned with the scale’s “high” chances category.
- Consistent with previous research, student optimism was found to vary based on a measure of socioeconomic status, family income. For example, students’ estimates of the chances that they would have adequate financial resources to complete college varied considerably across reported family income category.
- For some students in this study, the future seemed somewhat less promising. A notable proportion of students (28 percent) reported that their estimates of the chances of future outcomes would have been somewhat or a lot more positive if they had made their estimates before the COVID-19 pandemic began. For 15 of the outcomes, these students’ estimates were significantly lower than those of students who reported that their estimates would have been about the same if made before the pandemic began. These formerly positive students might have had very different experiences and/or more challenges during the pandemic than did their peers, which in turn could have led to their noticeably different perspectives on the future.
- Analyses by race/ethnicity revealed that, for nine of the future outcomes (career that pays well, career you enjoy, steady employment during career, live wherever you want to in the country, hobbies you enjoy, financial resources to retire comfortably, better life than parents had, children will have a better life, and life turns out well overall), Black students had statistically significantly higher estimates, on average, of experiencing each outcome than did students of other races/ethnicities.
- When the data were examined by race/ethnicity and family income, a remarkable finding was observed among low-income students: Black students in the low-income category were more optimistic about their futures than were students of other races/ethnicities in that same income category.
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About ACT
ACT is a mission-driven, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping people achieve education and workplace success. Grounded in more than 60 years of research, ACT is a trusted leader in college and career readiness solutions. Each year, ACT serves millions of students, job seekers, schools, government agencies and employers in the US and around the world with learning resources, assessments, research and credentials designed to help them succeed from elementary school through career. Visit us at www.act.org.
Contact: ACT Media Relations; publicrelations@act.org

Mode of Learning Linked to Slight COVID-19 Rebound in 2022
ACT
August 10, 2022
Category:
COVID-19 |
Research |
In 2021, ACT research examined the effects of the pandemic on student learning. This year, we revisited the data to see what, if any, gai...
Studies, including ACT’s pandemic-related research, have documented the pandemic-era declines in student achievement, with pronounced losses in math and milder losses in reading. Measuring trends in ACT test scores helps to understand the depth of the disrupted learning that students have experienced as the pandemic’s effects have lingered across multiple school years. It’s also our hope that this information will help provide insights across the education ecosystem and ensure that student learning continues to rebound.
While students’ experiences with learning at home during the pandemic were mixed, students told us that they felt school closures might affect their academic achievement—37% of students felt school closures would affect their academic preparedness “a great deal,” and another 51% said “somewhat”.
Data collected before and during the pandemic reflect that in-person learning leads to greater academic achievement than learning online. Further, new research from Harvard found that “remote instruction was a primary driver of widening achievement gaps,” estimating that districts with a high proportion of students living in poverty opting for remote learning will require almost all of their federal aid to promote student academic recovery.

ACT’s research suggests that mode of learning matters—students who learned in-person had an average ACT Composite score of about 1.1 points higher than their peers who learned online. The analysis used students’ eighth grade state test scores and their 11th grade ACT test scores and accounted for differences across mode of learning groups. The results suggest that more in-person schooling was related to more academic growth.
While the effects of the pandemic will likely persist for several years, ACT’s research shows modest yet positive signs of score rebounds for 11th graders of 2022, forecasting what learning gains might look like for the graduating class of 2023. For student achievement to fully recover to pre-pandemic levels, accelerated learning must continue for future students, with a special focus on recovery for Hispanic, Native American, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander students and students from low-income families.
ACT works alongside NLGA to support STEM Scholarship Program
ACT
August 02, 2022
Category:
ACT Updates |
Equity |
Workforce |
By: John Clark, senior director for ACT state government relations ACT has collaborated with the National Lieutenant Governors Association ...
By: John Clark, senior director for ACT state government relations
ACT has collaborated with the National Lieutenant Governors Association (NLGA) to support the inaugural year of the NLGA Lieutenant Governors’ STEM Scholarship Program. The collaboration aligns with ACT’s commitment to help people achieve education and workplace success and parallels our long-standing belief that all students should have access to rigorous course-taking, including the opportunity to learn valuable skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to be competitive in college and career. In addition to math, the ACT has always provided a dedicated science test measuring STEM-associated skills like analysis, reasoning, and problem-solving, which indicate a student’s readiness for postsecondary STEM majors. ACT’s more than 30 years of workforce research also confirms that being able to apply these types of skills is essential for success in a vast and growing number of jobs across the U.S. economy.
Ensuring that students are prepared to be successful in college and career means that all students have access to a STEM education; however, access continues to be a barrier for many Black and Latinx students, as well as the 6.5 million students living in rural areas. Yet, STEM occupations are projected to grow more than two times faster than the total for all occupations in the next decade. In funding the NLGA STEM scholarship, ACT is hoping to make STEM programs a little more accessible to students, regardless of their postsecondary path, providing states and school districts more opportunities to deliver hands-on STEM learning. In 2022, the collective scholarships allowed the NLGA to provide direct STEM education to more than 3,000 students from pre-K-12, in a vast array of programming in STEM education including robotics, aquaponics, aviation, and agriculture, among others.
Leading with purpose and living our mission is important to ACT as a national leader in education and workforce. We, like NLGA, know that championing bipartisanship issues, like access to STEM learning, can positively affect outcomes for students, districts, and states that are critical to our country’s future success. In ACT’s collaboration with NLGA, there is an even greater opportunity to share insights to ensure that public policy will positively effect student career success and academic achievement. Working together with NLGA to solve problems and improve the lives of students helps ACT deepen relationships and expand education and career opportunities for all.
Pandemic Research Suggests Solutions for Student Mental Health Crisis
ACT
July 25, 2022
Category:
COVID-19 |
Equity |
Research |
By: Isabelle Keever, strategic communications intern When school buildings closed at the height of the pandemic, 55 million students were le...
Student-focused surveys and research from ACT and others—spanning the years leading up to and into the pandemic—shed important light on how students are doing and offer opportunities to address the student mental health crisis. Understanding the research findings from students’ experiences learning during the pandemic presents an opportunity for action and positive change.
Even before the pandemic, students reported to ACT that their schools’ mental health services were lacking, and access to mental health supports varied. Students of color and those living in rural areas reported having less access to mental health support, while some students were unaware of mental health services their schools offered.
The implications of these pre-pandemic findings are evident in more recent research, too. A survey by the CDC found that “more than one in three high school students experienced poor mental health during the pandemic and nearly half of students felt persistently sad or hopeless.”
Similarly, during the early months of the pandemic, ACT surveyed high school students to learn about their experiences. The report found that students, particularly students of color, struggled to implement strategies, such as creating a schedule and exercising, that would benefit their mental health. Students also mentioned increased anxiety related to a range of issues including general concerns about the state of the world.
Supporting students’ mental health needs is not new, but we can no longer overlook the widespread severity and tremendous amount of support students now need to succeed—including academically, social-emotionally, and physically to address the whole learner.
Different research analyses, including those by ACT and the Institute of Education Sciences, propose fundamentally similar recommendations. Namely, strengthening current school resources such as increasing school counseling capacity, promoting awareness of those resources, and increasing funding for more mental health services.
While working toward these large goals, school systems and policymakers should consider diverse student needs and normalized learning environments that provide equal access to students who need mental health support. Using state and federal school funding aimed toward mitigating COVID-19 mental health issues can address the gap in access to support while establishing long-lasting resources in K12 and postsecondary institutions across the country.
Following investments in mental health supports through the American Rescue Plan, the U.S. Department of Education provided guidance to use funding to address mental health issues, encouraging colleges to strengthen resources including telehealth and in-person care for students. To further support student recovery, the Department announced other investments in mental health initiatives.
In addition to actions the federal government has taken, states and school districts are taking action by adopting mental health solutions for their students, such as allowing students to take days off. Additionally, the University of Texas System announced plans to invest $16.5 million to improve student mental health services including a crisis line, telehealth options, and faculty and staff training. Other grass-roots efforts have sprung up to address the student mental health crisis including peer counseling, mental health coordinators, and creating safe spaces for students.
Continuing these efforts, and expanding them, may begin to alleviate the student mental health crisis and inadequate access to support within school systems; however, there is more to be done to fully address the prevalent mental health crisis among today’s young people. The problem existed long before the pandemic, and acknowledgment of the problem is no longer enough—it is essential that school leaders, policymakers, and communities take actions to turn progress into real change.
Higher Ed Should Implement Increased Support to Combat Class of 2026 Disrupted Learning
ACT
July 14, 2022
Category:
COVID-19 |
Equity |
Research |
By: Lauryn Lovett, strategic communications intern As the incoming college class of 2026 attempts to move beyond the pandemic’s tight and di...
- Acknowledge the elevated risk. Institutions should commit to go beyond usual retention practices and student success efforts to address the special needs of the class of 2026. The University of Iowa has several programs, such as First Gen Hawks, that help students gain employment and participate in research in order to increase retention rates.
- Create a culture of academic support. Institutions should create programs that allow students to seek support without feeling singled out. Arkansas State University and 50 other colleges are using an app that allows students to get help whenever and wherever they need.
- Beef up placement efforts. Institutions should place more importance on placement tests to ensure proper assessment of students free from grade inflation. Queensborough Community College uses first-year placement exams to assess students’ abilities, and, if a student is struggling, they can receive support.
- Plan for remediation. Institutions should understand that students could be missing key information in core subjects and plan efforts to resolve this. Roxbury Community College has had much success with its co-requisite remediation model allowing students to gain credit for a course while also taking a secondary course designed to support them.
- Use orientation and first-year experience as the vehicle to address these needs. Institutions should realize that students not only suffered from months of disrupted learning, but also fewer social connections and declined emotional health, and these experiences should be remedied. American University has a first-year experience that provides students with resources, support, and a community to rely on during their transition to college.
Students in the class of 2026 have overcome many obstacles in the college-going process and will inevitably encounter challenges as they make their way to and through their postsecondary experiences. ACT is committed to continuing to provide valuable insights to help the education community identify and address their unique needs.

ACT Researchers Advance Field of Social and Emotional Learning Assessment With New Book
ACT
July 12, 2022
Category:
Press Release |
Social and Emotional Learning |
First editor and chapter authors highlight ACT research in one of the first books dedicated to social and emotional learning measurement IOW...
“Assessing Competencies for Social and Emotional Learning: Conceptualization, Development, and Applications” explores the assessments of competencies and contextual factors related to SEL. The book provides guidance for researchers, on how to systematically develop and evaluate measures of social and emotional competencies; for educators, counselors, and policymakers, on how to evaluate and use such measures; and for parents, on how to use the measures.
“As many students continue to struggle with myriad challenges amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and programs designed to teach students social and emotional competencies are adopted at an increasing rate, it’s crucial that the effects of these programs on student attitudes, behaviors, and academic performance are measured and understood,” Dr. Burrus said. “This comprehensive review of SEL assessment will help ensure that new measures meet traditional standards of fairness, reliability, and validity, and are conceptualized, created, and used properly.”
As first editor, Dr. Burrus, with his co-editors, created the idea for the book as well as the publishing proposal; wrote, reviewed, and edited chapters; and recruited authors to contribute. In addition to well-known experts such as Dr. David Osher at American Institutes for Research and Dr. Clark McKown of xSEL Labs, the authors include ACT team members Kristin Stoeffler, senior learning solution designer; and Drs. Alex Casillas, Kate E. Walton, and Jason Way, principal research psychologist, principal research scientist, and senior research psychologist, respectively, in the Center for Social, Emotional, and Academic Learning.
ACT is a mission-driven, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping people achieve education and workplace success. Headquartered in Iowa City, Iowa, ACT is trusted as a national leader in college and career readiness, providing high-quality assessments grounded in over 60 years of research. ACT offers a uniquely integrated set of solutions designed to provide personalized insights that help individuals succeed from elementary school through career. Visit us at www.act.org.
Media Contact
publicrelations@act.org
ICCSD to Acquire ACT Building
ACT
June 15, 2022
Category:
ACT Updates |
Press Release |
Sale of ACT’s Tyler Building will expand school district’s capabilities as part of District’s Facilities Master Plan 2.0 Iowa City, Iowa – J...

How Partners Add an Extra Element to College Application Campaigns
ACT
June 09, 2022
Category:
Educator Resources |
Equity |
By: Lisa King, director, American College Application Campaign Helping high school seniors move to the next stage in their lives requires mo...
Pride Month: Stand Up, Show Up, and Speak Up
ACT
June 02, 2022
Category:
ACT Updates |
Equity |
As we begin this Pride Month of June, ACT stands alongside our LGBTQI+ team members, family, educators, students, and community to celebrate...
As we begin this Pride Month of June, ACT stands alongside our LGBTQI+ team members, family, educators, students, and community to celebrate and affirm their importance, identity, and continuing contributions. Now more than ever, as we see challenges that could undermine and harm our community, we believe it’s important to stand firm in our conviction that everyone deserves a safe and welcoming place to learn and work and grow.
We believe that Pride isn’t simply one month, but a year-round commitment to ensuring that members of the LGBTQI+ community are celebrated and supported. And so, in the spirit of trailblazer Harvey Milk, who said, “We will not win our rights by staying quietly in our closets,” we at ACT:
- come together with the LGTBQI+ community as allies, advocates, and champions;
- affirm the goals and aspirations of students, educators, and others whose voices must be heard and amplified in our education system — we see you and you matter; and
- celebrate our LGBTQI+ team members who work tirelessly in service to ACT’s mission of education and workplace success for all.
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Escalating Grade Inflation Means Objective Measures Must be Considered in College Applications
ACT
May 24, 2022
Category:
COVID-19 |
Research |
By: Edgar Sanchez, lead research scientist, ACT As seniors across the country anticipate the culmination of their high school journeys, they...
However, new ACT research confirms that grade inflation is a widespread and systemic problem, calling into question how high school grades should be interpreted when used to measure academic achievement or predict college grades. Grade inflation — the phenomenon in which grades assigned in high school increase year over year in a manner that does not correspond with increasing levels of content mastery — became especially apparent in 2020 and 2021, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially misleading students when making important postsecondary decisions.
High school grades are meant to be an indicator of a student's academic performance as well as an indicator of preparation and potential success in college. Ideally, they would serve as a standardized comparison in contexts such as college and scholarship applications, helping students to understand how they are faring academically, and how prepared they are for future endeavors.
Unfortunately, high school grades are not a strictly objective measure of academic performance. In fact, they are often a mixture of performance on tests and assignments as well as subjective perspectives based on student characteristics such as ability, behavior, and attitude.
In addition to the subjective nature of high school grades, there are decades of research documenting the phenomenon of high school grade inflation. Well-documented evidence of grade inflation across time, and the incorporation of nonachievement components such as effort and participation in high school GPA, have resulted in an unstandardized way to compare students.
Grade Inflation Continues to Grow in the Past Decade, new research that I co-authored, examines the high school GPAs of more than 4.3 million students from more than 4,700 public high schools in the United States. Specifically, we looked at grades from 2010 to 2021. Our research found clear evidence of grade inflation for students who took the ACT test during this time.
We found that, even after taking into account student and school characteristics, the average high school GPA has increased from 3.17 in 2010 to 3.36 in 2021. Further, we found that while there was evidence of grade inflation throughout the entire period examined, the rate of grade inflation dramatically increased after 2016. Between 2016 and 2021 there has been a dramatic increase in high school grades relative to grades being assigned in 2010.
We saw evidence of the greatest levels of grade inflation during 2020 and 2021, which required consideration of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. While it seems a logical inference, we could not conclude that the pandemic had a direct effect on the inflation of students’ high school grades during this period, and there are a number of factors that should be considered — for example, some school systems moved away from the traditional A-F letter grading system at the beginning of the pandemic to a more flexible grading policy. The variety of grading standards across the U.S. is one example of the systemic challenges contributing to grade inflation nationwide.
As opposed to high school grades, standardized metrics provide a way to fairly and quickly evaluate students’ mastery of core content and potential for success in college. High school GPA and a standardized metric provide different, and therefore complementary, information; research shows that considering these two things together provides the most reliable predictor of college student success.
If the meaning of a given GPA varies depending on which school a student attends, neither they nor the admissions representatives evaluating their college applications should rely on it as the lone measure of achievement. Students want to be able to tell the full story of their academic success, and that is more easily facilitated when multiple measures of academic achievement are considered.
ACT Names Ranjit Sidhu as Chief Strategy Officer
ACT
May 23, 2022
Category:
ACT Updates |
Press Release |
Sidhu will lead development, implementation, and coordination of enterprise organizational strategy IOWA CITY, Iowa — ACT, the nonprofit le...
“I look forward to Ranjit rejoining ACT and its leadership team to execute ACT’s global strategy for supporting education and workplace success,” said ACT CEO Janet Godwin. “He is a dynamic leader with a proven record of enhancing social impact and organizational growth and a passionate fighter for fairness in education.”
“Since its founding, ACT has opened doors for many students who never imagined themselves on a college campus and supported generations of young people as they navigated life’s transitions by ensuring they had the knowledge and skills they needed to succeed,” Sidhu said. “I am excited and honored to rejoin ACT’s leadership team and expand the organization’s strategy for helping future generations achieve education and workplace success.”
As CSO, Sidhu will lead development of ACT’s inclusive strategic plan and strategy by collaborating with the leadership team, board, and CEO; drive the cross-functional creation and implementation of ACT’s strategy based on market trends; ensure alignment of long-term trends and short-term needs; and maintain business model innovation. He will report to ACT CEO Janet Godwin.
Sidhu is a widely respected nonprofit leader who has focused his career on creating strategies for improving student success, particularly for students from low-income communities and underserved populations.
Most recently, Sidhu was ASCD's CEO and Executive Director. Prior to ASCD, Sidhu served as president and CEO of the National Council for Community and Education Partnerships (NCCEP), the national organization for the GEAR UP program. He also served as Senior Vice President at both the College Board and ACT, where he focused in the areas of K-12 and postsecondary education, and workforce development.
Early in his career, Sidhu was a high school social studies teacher in the Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Md., public school districts. He holds master's degrees from The George Washington University and the University of Pittsburgh and a bachelor's degree from the University of Mary Washington.
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About ACT
ACT is a mission-driven, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping people achieve education and workplace success. Headquartered in Iowa City, Iowa, ACT is trusted as a national leader in college and career readiness, providing high-quality assessments grounded in over 60 years of research. ACT offers a uniquely integrated set of solutions designed to provide personalized insights that help individuals succeed from elementary school through career. Visit us at www.act.org.
Media Contact
Allie Ciaramella
allie.ciaramella@act.org